Rousseau's Critique of Inequality

Professor Introduction

C. D | Ph.D. in Philosophy

Home Institute：University of Bristol

Project Description

This project delves into Jean-Jacques Rousseau's critique of inequality as presented in his 1755 work, Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men. By tracing the progression from the state of nature to the social state, Rousseau reveals how human inequalities arise and expand. As one of the most systematic critics of inequality before Karl Marx, Rousseau's views on why inequality is problematic, the specific aspects he critiques, and whether he considers all forms of inequality to be condemnable will be explored. The course will guide students through a close reading of this seminal work, supplemented with excerpts from Rousseau's other writings and relevant scholarly articles, to help them understand the logic of Rousseau's arguments and write an analytical paper on his ideas.

Project Keywords

Project Outline

Part 1:  Introduction to Rousseau's Thought
• Overview of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's life and major works.
• Introduction to the historical and intellectual context of Rousseau's time.
• Discussion on Rousseau's influence on modern political thought.

Part 2: The State of Nature
• Detailed examination of Rousseau's concept of the state of nature.
• Comparison with other philosophers' views on the state of nature (e.g., Hobbes, Locke).
• Discussion on the transition from the state of nature to the social state.

Part 3: The Origin of Inequality
• Analysis of Rousseau's arguments on the origin and development of inequality.
• Examination of the two types of inequality: natural and moral/political.
• Discussion on the factors leading to the rise of inequality in human societies.

Part 4: Critique of Inequality
• In-depth analysis of Rousseau's critique of inequality.
• Exploration of the specific aspects of inequality Rousseau criticizes (e.g., economic, social, political).
• Discussion on whether Rousseau considers all forms of inequality to be problematic.

Part 5: Rousseau's Other Works
• Introduction to relevant excerpts from Rousseau's other works (e.g., The Social Contract, Emile).
• Analysis of how these works complement and expand on Rousseau's critique of inequality.
• Discussion on the consistency and evolution of Rousseau's thought.

Part 6: Scholarly Perspectives
• Review of key scholarly articles and interpretations of Rousseau's critique of inequality.
• Identification of major debates and differing viewpoints in Rousseau's scholarship.
• Discussion on research gaps and the significance of this study.

Part 7: Practical Implications
• Examination of the practical implications of Rousseau's critique of inequality for contemporary society.
• Discussion on how Rousseau's insights can inform current debates on social justice and equality.
• Exploration of the relevance of Rousseau's ideas for modern political and ethical thought.

Part 8: Research Methods
• Introduction to qualitative research methods in philosophy and political thought.
• Techniques for textual analysis and critical interpretation.
• Practical exercises to develop research skills.

Part 9:  Writing the Research Paper
• Guidance on structuring and writing a well-argued research paper.
• Tips for effective academic writing and citation practices.
• Instructions on preparing and delivering an engaging oral presentation.

Suitable for

High School Students:  
• Interested in philosophy and political thought, preparing for advanced studies or competitions.
• Basic knowledge of philosophical and political concepts.

University Students:
• Majoring in philosophy, political science, or related fields, seeking to deepen understanding and engage in research.
• Familiar with basic theories of philosophy and political thought.

Researchers and Educators:
• In-depth knowledge of Western political thought and political philosophy.
• Looking to integrate current research trends into their teaching and academic work.